The relay started life in 1809 when Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring claimed to have invented the first relay. This claim was then disputed many times over four decades until the first relay appeared in a telegraph patented by Samuel Morse in 1840. A relay is an electrically operated switch. This was incredibly useful when making telegraphs as it repeated the signal and acted as a current amplifier meaning that you could transmit signals further.
Relays use an electromagnetic coil to toggle a switch on and off. It does this by having an air gap between a spring and a contact when there isn't a current and closing the gap when current is running.
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